Paradigms in scientific research

Abstract

The word paradigm has been widely used, especially after its debut by the philosopher Thomas S. Khun in his book "The structure of scientific revolutions published in 1962", in which he mentions that paradigms designate one or more scientific achievements past, achievements that a particular scientific community recognizes for a certain time with a basis for its subsequent practice (Ballina Ríos, 2013). The paradigms are the different theories that are applied in scientific research, that is, they are a mixture of the currents and philosophical orientations of the researcher applied to the needs of the search for truth with veracity in scientific research regardless of the academic level or discipline. The paradigms that are addressed in this document, those that are made for didactic purposes for understanding by the academic community and undergraduate and graduate students, respectively, are: Positivist, Post Positivist, Critical, Socio-Critical, Constructivist, Phenomenological, Ethnomethodological Paradigms, Cognitive, Environmental, Interpretive, Explanatory, Rationalist, Empirical, Logical, Pragmatic, Social History and the Paradigm of Scientific Revolutions. In conclusion, paradigms are a tool that allows the search for truth from various contexts and disciplines.