Consumo e digestibilidade de nutrientes em ovinos alimentados com dietas com gérmen de milho e palma forrageira Miúda (Nopalea Cochenillifera)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35622/Palavras-chave:
associação, consumo, digestibilidade, fonte lipídica, palma forrageiraResumo
The objective was to evaluate the effect of using corn germ and the forage cactus cv. Miúda in the diet of sheep on nutrient intake and digestibility. Four male sheep with an average initial weight of 35 kg, were used, and distributed in a Latin square experimental design. The treatments consisted of four experimental diets: without Miúda cactus (MFC) and germ (CONT); without MFC + germ (GIMEX); with MFC and without germ (MFC); with MFC and germ (MFC+GIMEX). However, a significant effect (P<0.05) of the treatments (T) was observed for the variables of dry matter intake (DMI) (955 x 1304.9 g day-1), mineral matter intake (MMI) (58.7 x 122.1 g day-1), crude protein intake (CPI) (119.9 x 162.9 g day-1) and ether extract intake (EEI) (36.7 x 77.8 g day-1). The diet (GIMEX+MFC) promoted higher DMI and other constituents, while the diet (GIMEX) resulted in lower DMI, MMI and CPI, but favored higher EE intake compared to the diet (GIMEX+MFC). The nutrient digestibility coefficients were not influenced by the association of MFC with corn germ (P>0.05); however, significant effects were observed for the coefficients of digestibility of organic matter (OM) (664.5 x 742.7 g kg-1 DM) and NFC (657.1 x 838.8 g kg-1 DM). The present study determined that combining corn germ with forage palm is a viable option for sheep production in northeastern Brazil in terms of diet quality and utilization.
Referências
Accioly, A. N., Farias, R. P., & Arruda, E. C. P. (2024). Plants in the caatinga possess multiple adaptative leaf morphoanatomical traits concurrently, a pattern revealed from a systematic review. Journal of Arid Environments, 222, 105162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105162
Agle, M., Hristov, A. N., Zaman, S., Schneider, C., Ndegwa, P. N., & Vaddella, V. K. (2010). Effect of dietary concentrate on rumen fermentation, digestibility, and nitrogen losses in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(9), 4211-4222. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2977
Albuquerque, I., Araújo, G., Santos, F., Carvalho, G., Santos, E., Nobre, I., Bezerra, L., Silva-Júnior, J., Silva-Filho, E., & Oliveira, R. (2020). Performance, body water balance, ingestive behavior and blood metabolites in goats fed with cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Miller) silage subjected to an intermittent water supply. Sustainability, 12(7), 2881. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072881
Almeida, A. Q., Mello, A. A., Dória Neto, A. L., & Ferraz, R. C. (2014). Relações empíricas entre características dendrométricas da Caatinga brasileira e dados TM Landsat 5. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 49(4), 306-315. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2014000400009
Alvares, C. A., Stape, J. L., Sentelhas, P. S., Gonçalves, J. L. M., & Sparovek, G. Köppen's climate classificationmap for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 22(6), 711-728. https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507
Araújo Filho, J. T., Lima, H. B., Fregadolli, F. L., Viegas, J., Pereira, K. P., Amorim, P. L., & Ribeiro, N. L. (2024). Performance and carcass yields of deslaned lambs fed levels of spineless cactus as a substitute for Tifton hay. Food Science and Technology, 44, e00347. https://doi.org/10.5327/fst.00347
Batista, Â. M. V., Ribeiro Neto, A. C., Lucena, R. B., Santos, D. C., Dubeux Júnior, J. C. B., & Mustafa, A. F. (2009). Chemical composition and ruminal degradability of spineless cactus grown in Northeastern Brazil. Rangeland Ecology and Management, 62(3), 297-301. https://doi.org/10.2111/07-099R1.1
Batista, J. N., Pereira, F. B., Pereira Filho, J. M., Lima, V., Santos, V. L. F., Araújo, M. J., Moura, J. F. P., Pereira, E. S., Oliveira, R. L., & Bezerra, L. R. (2020). Replacing corn bran and soybean meal in the diet with spineless cactus and cottonseed affects ingestive behaviour, performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Murrah water buffalo. Animal Production Science, 60(7), 903- 912. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN19260
Besharati, M., Palangi, V., Azhir, D., & Lackner, M. (2024). Encapsulation of fatty acids in ruminant nutrition for improved meat and milk quality: A review. The EuroBiotech Journal, 8(4), 134-148. https://doi.org/10.2478/ebtj-2024-0013.
BR Caprinos e Ovinos. (2024). Exigências nutricionais de caprinos e ovinos – BR-Caprinos & Ovinos (1a ed.). INCT - Ciência Animal. Editora Scienza. http://dx.doi.org/10.26626/9786556681849.2024B0001
Bruinenberg, M. H., Valk, H., Korevaar, H., & Struik, P. C. (2002). Factors affecting digestibility of temperate forages from seminatural grasslands: A review. Grass and Forage Science, 57(3), 292-301. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2002.00327.x
Cardoso, D. B., Carvalho, F. F. R., Medeiros, G. R., Guim, A., Cabral, A. M. D., Véras, R. M. L., Santos, K. C., Dantas, L. C. N., & Nascimento, A. G. O. (2019). Levels of inclusion of spineless cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck) in the diet of lambs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 247, 23-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.10.016
Chen, Y., Gong, X., Huang, Y., Jiang, M., Zhan, K., Lin, M., & Zhao, G. (2022). Growth performance, rumen fermentation and inflammatory response on holstein growing cattle treated with low and high non-fibrous carbohydrate to neutral detergent fiber ratio pelleted total mixed ration. Animals, 12(8), 1036. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12081036
Climatempo. (28 february of 2025). Climatologia em Belo Jardim, BR. https://cutt.ly/JeYq60Zq
Cochran, R. C., & Galyean, M. L. (1994). Measurement of in vivo forage digestion by ruminants. In G. C. Fahey Jr. (Ed.), Forage quality, evaluation, and utilization (pp. 613-643). ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Books. https://doi.org/10.2134/1994.foragequality.c15.
Cordova-Torres, A. V., Guerra, R. R., Araújo Filho, J. T., Medeiros, A. N., Costa, R. G., Ribeiro, N. L., & Bezerra, L. R. (2022). Effect of water deprivation and increasing levels of spineless cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera) cladodes in the diet of growing lambs on intake, growth performance and ruminal and intestinal morphometric changes. Livestock Science, 258, 104828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104828.
Da Silva, E. I. C. (2023). Cálculos de consumo e digestibilidade de alimentos e nutrientes para ruminantes. Revista Universitária Brasileira, 1(3), 71-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11657180.
Da Silva, E. I. C. (2021a). Formulação e fabricação de rações para ruminantes. Instituto Federal de Pernambuco – Belo Jardim. Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco – IPA/ Emanuel Isaque Cordeiro da Silva. https://shorturl.at/sXXOq
Da Silva, E. I. C. (2021b). Formulação de ração para ovinos. Belo Jardim: Emanuel Isaque Cordeiro da Silva. https://shorturl.at/d9xN2
Detmann, E., & Valadares Filho, S. C. (2010). On the estimation of non-fibrous carbohydrates in feeds and diets. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 62(4), 980-984. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-09352010000400030.
Detmann, E., Silva, L. F. C., Rocha, G. C., Palma, M. N. N., & Rodrigues, J. P. P. (2021). Métodos para análise de alimentos. 2 ed. Visconde do Rio Branco: INCT - Ciência Animal, Suprema.
Dubeux Jr, J. C. B., dos Santos, M. V. F., da Cunha, M. V., dos Santos, D. C., de Almeida Souza, R. T., de Mello, A. C. L., & de Souza, T. C. (2021). Cactus (Opuntia and Nopalea) nutritive value: A review. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 275, 114890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114890
Einkamerer, O. B., Ferreira, A. V., Fair, M. D., & Hugo, A. (2025). The effects of dietary acid detergent fibre content on the performance of finishing lambs. South African Journal of Animal Science, 55(3), 115-126. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v55i3.02.
Fernandes, M. F., Cardoso, D., Pennington, R. T., & Queiroz, L. P. (2022). The Origins and Historical Assembly of the Brazilian Caatinga Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10, 723286. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.723286.
Godoi, P. F. A., Magalhães, A. L. R., Araújo, G. G. L., Melo, A. A. S., Silva, T. S., Gois, G. C., Santos, K. C., Nascimento, D. B., Silva, P. B., Oliveira, J. S., Santos, E. M., Silva, T. G. F., Zanine, A. M., Ferreira, D. J., Voltolini, T. V., & Campos, F. S. (2024). Chemical properties, ruminal fermentation, gas production and digestibility of silages composed of spineless cactus and tropical forage plants for sheep feeding. Animals, 14(4), 552. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14040552.
Gebremariam, T., Melaku, S., & Yami, A. (2006). Effect of different levels of cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) inclusion on feed intake, digestibility, and body weight gain in tef (Eragrostis tef) straw-based feeding of sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 131(1-2), 43-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.02.003.
Keedwell, A. D., & Dénes, J. (2015). Latin squares and their applications. 2 ed. Amsterdam: North-Holland Elsevier.
Kitessa, S., Irish, G. G., & Flinn, P. C. (1999). Comparison of methods used to predict the in vivo digestibility of feeds in ruminants. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 50(5), 825-842. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR98169.
Krishna, G. (2012). Livestock nutrition analytical techniques (1st ed.). New India Publishing Agency.
Marín, A. L. M., Hernández, M. P., Alba, L. M. P., Pardo, D. C., Sigler, A. I. G., & Castro, G. G. (2013). Fat addition in the diet of dairy ruminants and its effects on productive parameters. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias, 26(2), 69-78.
Mayer, J. A., & Cushman, J. C. (2019). Nutritional and mineral content of prickly pear cactus: A highly water-use efficient forage, fodder and food species. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 205(6), 625-634. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12353.
Montgomery, S. P., Drouillard, J. S., Nagaraja, T. G., Titgemeyer, E. C., & Sindt, J. J. (2008). Effects of supplemental fat source on nutrient digestion and ruminal fermentation in steers. Journal of Animal Science, 86(3), 640-650. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2006-812
Montgomery, D. C. (2020). Design and analysis of experiments. 10 ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Munhame, J. A., Batista, Â. M. V., Monnerat, J. P. I. S., Maciel, M. V., Lopes, L. A., Silva, T. G. P., Andrade, R. B., Cardoso, D. B., Carvalho, F. F. R. (2021). Intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior and performance of goats fed spineless cactus genotypes resistant to carmine cochineal. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 73(5): 1209-1216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12381
Nascimento, D. B., Magalhães, A. L. R., Araújo, G. G. L., Rocha, A. T., Oliveira, G. F., Macedo, A., Araújo, C. A., Nagahama, H. J., Silva, T. G. F., Turco, S. H. N., Souza, R. T. A., Gois, G. C., & Campos, F. S. (2024). Productive, Morphological and Nutritional Indicators of Cactus Pear in a Semiarid Region. Agronomy, 14(10), 2366. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14102366
National Research Council. (2001). Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle (7th revised ed.). National Academy Press.
Neumann, M., Santos, L. C., Askel, E. J., Venancio, B. J., Pontarolo, G. B., Cristo, F. B., Plodoviski, D. C., & Silva, E. P. (2021). Ruminal kinetics and degradability of energetic feedstuffs used in diets for ruminants. Ciência Animal Brasileira, 22, e-68993. http://dx.doi.org/10.590/1809-6891v22e-68993.
Novais, R. P., Carvalho Júnior, A. P., & Oliveira, M. A. (2022). A perenização de rios pela contrução de açudes para o combate à seca no semiárido nordestino. Geopauta, 6, e9401. https://doi.org/10.22481/rg.v6.e2022.e9401.
Ohtaki, T., Ogata, K., Kajikawa, H., Sumiyoshi, T., Asano, S., Tsumagari, S., & Horikita, T. (2020). Effect of high-concentrate corn grain diet-induced elevated ruminal lipopolysaccharide levels on dairy cow liver function. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 82(7), 971-977. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.20-0117.
Oliveira, S. C., Cavalcante Filho, F. N., Rangel, A. H. N., & Lopes, K. B. P. (2011). A palma forrageira: alternativa para o semi-árido. Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, 6(3): 49-58.
Oliveira, J. P. F., Ferreira, M. A., Alves, A. M. S. V., Melo, A. C. C., Andrade, I. B., Suassuna, J. M. A., Barros, L. J. A., Melo, T. T. B., & Silva, J. L. (2017). Spineless cactus as a replacement for sugarcane in the diets of finishing lambs. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 49, 139-144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-016-1170-y.
Palmquist, D. L.(1994). The role of dietary fats in efficiency of ruminants. The Journal of Nutrition, 124(8), 1377S-1382S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/124.suppl_8.1377S.
Paulino, R. S., Oliveira, J. S., Santos, E. M., Pereira, G. A., Ramos, J. P. F., César Neto, J. M., Cruz, G. F. L., Leite, G. M., Satake, F., Silva, A. L., Oliveira, C. J. B. (2021). Spineless cactus use management on microbiological quality, performance, and nutritional disorders in sheep. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 53, 168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02594-6.
Pereira, E. S., Pereira, M. W. F., Arruda, P. C. L., Cabral, L. S., Oliveira, R. L., Mizubuti, I. Y., Pinto, A. P., Campos, A. C. N., Gadelha, C. R. F., & Carneiro, M. S. S. (2016). Effects of different lipid sources on intake, digestibility and purine derivatives in hair lambs. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 100(4), 723-730. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12438.
Pordeus Neto, J., Soares, P. C., Batista, Â. M. V., Andrade, S. F. J., Andrade, R. P. X., Lucena, R. B., & Guim, A. (2016). Balanço hídrico e excreção renal de metabólitos em ovinos alimentados com palma forrageira (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 36(4), 322-328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2016000400012
Pu, X., Guo, X., Shahzad, K., Wang, M., Jiang, C., Liu, J., Zhang, X., Zhang, S., & Cheng, L. (2020). Effects of dietary non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) to neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ratio change on rumen bacteria in sheep based on three generations of full-length amplifiers sequencing. Animals, 10(2), 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020192
Rebouças, A. C. (1997). Água na região nordeste: desperdício e escassez. Estudos Avançados, 11(29), 127-154. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-40141997000100007
Ribeiro, V. L., Batista, Â. M. V., Guim, A., Carvalho, F. F. R., Araújo, G. G. L., Araújo, R. F. S. S., Mattos, C. W., & Vieira, E. L. (2023). Número de bolos ruminais e mastigação merícica de ovinos recebendo dieta à base de palma forrageira e fenos de Atriplex. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, 6(1), 463-468. https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv6n1-041
Rocha Filho, R. R., Santos, D. C., Véras, A. S. C., Siqueira, M. C. B., Novaes, L. P., Mora-Luna, R., ... & Ferreira, M. A. (2021). Can spineless forage cactus be the queen of forage crops in dryland areas?. Journal of Arid Environments, 186, 104426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104426
Romão, M. M. V., Ribeiro, J. S., Costa, J. F. M., Lima, L. O. G. R., Lima Júnior, D. M., Mariz, T. M. A., & Silva, M. J. M. S. (2017). Viabilidade econômica do uso de fontes volumosas na dieta de ovinos confinados. Boletim de Indústria Animal, 74(3), 300-307. https://doi.org/10.17523/bia.v74n3p300
Sampaio, I. B. M. (2015). Estatística aplicada à experimentação animal (4a ed.). FEP-MVZ.
Santos Neto, C. F., Silva, R. G., Maranhão, S. R., Barreto, C. M., Lopes, M. N., & Cândido, M. J. D. (2022). Morphological characteristics and yield of Opuntia stricta and Nopalea cochenillifera in integrated crop systems with caatinga trees. Agroforestry Systems, 97, 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-022-00787-y.
SAS Institute. (2002). SAS User's Guide: Statistics (Version 8, 6th ed.). Statistical Analysis System Institute, Inc.
Savietto, D., Berry, P., & Friggens, N. C. (2014). Towards an improved estimation of the biological components of residual feed intake in growing cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 92(2), 467-476. https:// doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-6894.
Silva, C. F., Véras, A. S. C., Conceição, M. G., Macedo, A. V. M., Luna, R. E. M., Monteiro, C. C. F., Souza, F. G., Almeida, M. P., Silva, J. A. B. A., & Ferreira, M. A. (2022). Intake, digestibility, water balance, ruminal dynamics, and blood parameters in sheep fed diets containing extra-fat whole corn germ. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 285, 115248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115248
Silva, M. P., Carvalho, F. F. R., Batista, Â. M. V., Araujo, C. M., Soares, P. C., Souza, A. P., Fernandes, B. D. O., Gonzaga Neto, S., Costa, R. G., & Medeiros, A. N. (2023). Nutritional and mineral composition of Opuntia stricta Haw: Balance of macrominerals, renal function and blood metabolites in sheep. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 75(2), 333-346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12802.
Silva, T. G. P., Lopes, L. A., Batista, Â. M. V., Nunes, I. S., Paim, A. P. S., Mendes, C. H. S., Soares, P. C., Guim, A., & Carvalho, F. F. R. (2024). Macromineral balance in lambs fed diets containing spineless cactus species . Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 76(4), e13157. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-13157.
Simionatto, M., Maeda, E. M., Silveira, M. F., Macedo, V. P., Paula, F. L. M., & Hill, J. A. G. (2024). Effect of adding different levels of palm oil-protected fat in the diet of lambs concerning rumen parameters. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 310, 115929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.115929.
Sniffen, C. J., O’Connor, J. D., Van Soest, P. J., Fox, D. G., & Russell, J. B. (1992). A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Science, 70(11), 3562-3577. https://doi.org/10.2527/1992.70113562x.
Souza, F. G., Silva, S. O. L., Moreno, E. R. V., Silva, T. G. P., Santos, K. C., Ferreira, M. A., Carvalho, F. F. R., & Soares, L. F. P. (2024). Economic viability of feedlot of sheep fed diets containing corn grain or extra-fat whole corn germ associated or not with spineless cactus. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 76(1), 161-166. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-13044.
Stokes, M. E., Davis, C. S., & Koch, G. G. (2012). Categorical data analysis using SAS (3rd ed.). SAS Institute.
Van Soest, P. J. (1994). Nutritional ecology of the ruminant (2nd ed.). Cornell University Press.
Villalba, J. J., Ates, S., & MacAdam, J. W. (2021). Non-fiber Carbohydrates in Forages and Their Influence on Beef Production Systems. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 5, 566338. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.566338.
Weiss, W. P. (1999). Energy prediction equations for ruminant feeds. In Cornell University (Ed.), Proceedings of the 61st Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers (pp. 176–185).
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2025 Emanuel Cordeiro da Silva, Eduarda da Silva Fontain, Mylena Magalhães Vieira (Autor/a)
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
